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Ancient Pompeii

Pompeii has ancient origins as those of Naples, in fact descended from the gens Pompeiana an early Italic peoples, the Oscans. Only after the mid-seventh century BC, a primitive settlement was established at Pompeii of the future: maybe not a real town, but more likely a small commercial node cluster around who saw the intersection of three major roads, modeled in full historical period from the streets from Cumae, Nola and from Castellammare di Stabia. Place as an obligatory passage between north and south, Pompeii soon became a prey to the powerful neighboring states, given its importance as a crossroads and port. It was conquered for the first time from the Greek colony of Cuma between 525 and 474 BC Strabo reports that Pompeii was conquered by the Etruscans, news that the light of recent excavations becomes more reliable. In the temple of Apollo at the baths Stabian were found numerous fragments of bucchero, some even with Etruscan inscriptions scratched, always in the spa area also came to light a necropolis of the sixth century Acle first traces of a settlement of some importance back to Pompeii, the sixth century BC, although in this period the city, still quite small, does not reveal the need for use of a master plan and it seems the result of an aggregate of ' buildings rather messy and spontaneo.La losing battle in the waters opposite the Etruscans at Cumae Cumana and against Syracuse (mid-fifth century BC), Pompeii brought under Greek hegemony. Perhaps this time the entire plateau was fortified with walls of tufa that contained more than sixty acres, although the city itself is not even the ten hectares of extension. In the fourth century, Pompeii was involved in the Samnite Wars (the end of which Rome was undisputed lady of the Campania region) and was obliged to accept the condition of a member of the City, maintaining however linguistic and institutional autonomy. It dates back to the fourth century that the first regular urban layout of the city which, around 300 BC, received the new fortification Sarno.Durante limestone of the Second Punic War Pompeii remained faithful to Rome, unlike many other cities of Campania, and was able to keep its partial indipendenza.Nel second century BC the intensive cultivation of land and the consequent massive export of olive oil and wine brought in the big city wealth and high living standards: it would suffice to mention the wealth of luxurious houses and their furnishings. The House of the Faun, for example, can rival in size (almost 3000 sq ft) even with the most famous royal residences ellenistiche.Allo outbreak of the Social War (91 BC), Pompeii was an ally against Rome, along with other towns of Campania, in an attempt of obtaining full Roman citizenship. But it was impossible to resist the superior military might of Rome in 89 BC Sulla, after chapter Stabia, left for Pompeii, who attempted a vigorous defense by strengthening the city walls and using the aid of the Celts led by L. Clutentius. Any attempt at resistance proved futile and soon the city fell. In 80 BC completely and permanently entered the orbit of Rome, Sulla moved there a colony of veterans who took the name of Cologne Venerea Pompeianorum Sillana. The allocation of land to veterans was certainly to the detriment of the gentes that had most bitterly opposed Sulla. Nevertheless, the political and military did not affect crucially on the welfare and commercial sull'intraprendenza Pompey (especially when the export of wines from Campania) which covered very remote areas. For the healthy climate and the beauty of the landscape, the city and its surroundings are also a nice resort for some wealthy Romans, including Cicero, who had a fondo.Le news sources are pretty stingy about life in Pompeii in the early imperial age. Tacitus records only as a matter of striking the brawl occurred between Nucerini and Pompeii in 59 AD in the amphitheater of Pompeii, which prompted Nero to prohibit, for ten years, any gladiatorial show.

In 62 the city was shaken by an earthquake at the time of the eruption of 79 many buildings were still under reconstruction.

How to arrive
By plane:
from Capodichino Airport take bus direction Piazza Garibaldi then by train or bus
By train:
Railway Circumvesuviana line Naples-Pompei-Poggiomarino (stop Pompei Santuario);
Railway Ferrovie dello Stato - Line Napoli - Salerno (stop Pompei).
By bus:
From Naples: SITA (Naples-Pompeii)
From Salerno: SITA (Salerno-Pompeii), CSTP # 4, CSTP Swift (highway)
From Rome: Marozzi Bus (Rome-Pompeii)
By car:
Take the A3 Naples-Pompeii-Salerno (exit Pompeii Ovest).